Lead is a toxic heavy metal that has been widely used in construction materials, particularly in paints, coatings, pipes, and metal components. However, the presence of lead in a material does not automatically imply a risk. The hazard arises when lead is released from the material and enters the human body.
Lead becomes dangerous when materials containing it are disturbed, damaged, or removed without proper controls, as these activities can generate lead-containing dust, fumes, or fine airborne particles. Once lead enters the body, it accumulates over time and can cause serious health effects. There is no safe level of exposure.
Lead: a hazardous substance under European legislation.
The main health impacts include:
- Damage to the nervous system (especially in children)
- Reduced cognitive function and behavioural effects
- Kidney and cardiovascular problems
- Reproductive toxicity
For this reason, lead is classified as a hazardous substance under European legislation, as it poses significant risks to human health when exposure occurs.
If you want to learn more about lead and how to decontaminate it, read the Guide How to decontaminate Lead, available in the EDI library.